BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
type: channel
description: BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, e-ISSN: 3026-1023 and p-ISSN: 3026-1015. Its a biannual refereed journal concerned with the practice and processes of community engagement. It provides a forum for academics, practitioners, and community representatives to explore issues and reflect on practices relating to the full range of engaged activity. This journal is a peer-reviewed online journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality research focused on research, implementation. All published article URLs will have a digital object identifier (DOI). Template (English) Template (Indonesia)
publisher: Yayasan Pendidikan Mitra Mandiri Aceh(YPMMA)
language: en
publication name: BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
issn: 3026-1015
copyright: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
items: Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Pengrajin Anyaman Tikar Pandan Aceh Timur melalui Inovasi Desain Kontemporer, dan Penguatan Manajemen Usaha, Pasca Banjir
items: Aplikasi Game Edukasi Tebak Gambar Solusi Pembelajaran Interaktif untuk Anak Usia
items: Edukasi Penanganan Cidera OlahragaSprain Ankle Pada Atlit Wushu di Surabaya
items: Desiminasi Model Pembelajaran Multukultural Bermuatan Peristiwa Sejarah Bagi MGMP Sejarah Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
items: Pencegahan Stunting sebagai Investasi Ekonomi Desa melalui Edukasi dan Optimalisasi Dana Desa
items: Gerakan Literasi Dasar Upaya Pengentasan Buta Aksara di Kalangan Santri Dayah
items: Pelatihan Komputer untuk Santri Pemula sebagai Strategi Mengurangi Buta Aksara Digital di Dayah Darut Thalibin
items: Peningkatan Literasi Digital Santri Melalui Pelatihan Dasar Komputer di Dayah Darul Muta’alimin
items: Pendampingan Pokdarwis dalam Pembuatan Paket Wisata Konservasi Pulau Tidung Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta
items: Pendampingan Masyarakat dalam Wisata Pelestarian Ekosistem Mangrove di Pulau Tidung Kepulauan Seribu Daerah Khusus Jakarta
items: Penguatan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Melalui Pelatihan dan Pemasaran Kerajinan Tangan di Lingkungan Dayah
items: Pelatihan Pembuatan Surat melalui Mail Merge di Dayah Misbahul Huda
items: Pelatihan Handicraft Bagi Santri Dayah Misbahul Huda
items: Pengembangan Unit Usaha Pesantren Produksi Sabun Cair Dayah Darusa'adah
items: Penguatan Karakter dan Moderasi Beragama melalui Program Pembinaan Guru dan Santri Dayah Darussa’adah
items: Pelatihan Microsoft Word Bagi Santri di Dayah Darul Huda Alue Udep
items: Peningkatan Literasi Digital dan Etika Bermedia Sosial Bagi Santri Dayah Darul Muta'alimin
items: Edukasi Literasi Digital dan Etika Bermedia Sosial Bagi Santri Dayah Darul Huda
items: Pemberdayaan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Sains untuk Penguatan Prestasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Islam
items: Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Disiplin Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka di SD Islam Raudhatul Jannah
items: Pendampingan Komprehensif Pembentukan Ekosistem Pertanian Organik Berkelanjutan oleh Petani Muda
items: Program Pendampingan Intensif Pengelolaan Keuangan Mikro untuk Komunitas Rentan Ekonomi
items: Pelatihan Holistik Peningkatan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru PAUD dalam Mengembangkan Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek
items: Inovasi Pengolahan Sampah Organik Dengan Metode Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Untuk Kemandirian Pangan Lokal
items: Transformasi Ekonomi Ibu Rumah Tangga melalui Inkubasi Bisnis Online Berbasis Komunitas
items: Pelatihan Menyusun Laporan Cash flow Usaha Kecil bagi Warga Belajar Cerdas Mandiri Peureulak
items: Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Bagi Masyarakat Gampong untuk Mengembangkan Usaha Mikro di Kecamatan Peureulak
items: Pelatihan Penyusunan Surat Melalui Mail Merge Bagi Perangkat Gampong Kecamatan Peureulak
items: Pelatihan Keterampilan Teknologi Digital Bagi Warga Belajar di PKBM Banda Khalifah

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Pengrajin Anyaman Tikar Pandan Aceh Timur melalui Inovasi Desain Kontemporer, dan Penguatan Manajemen Usaha, Pasca Banjir
type: item
description: The floods that struck East Aceh Regency have significantly affected the sustainability of pandan mat weaving enterprises, as reflected in declining production capacity, limited market access, and weak business management practices. This community service program aimed to strengthen the economic capacity of local artisans through contemporary design innovation and the enhancement of business management based on local wisdom. The program employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, involving a series of participatory stages, including needs assessment, training, mentoring, hands-on practice, and evaluation. The training covered product design development, basic financial record-keeping, cost of production calculation, and digital marketing strategies. The results demonstrated substantial improvements in participants' knowledge and skills in developing more innovative products, managing their businesses more systematically, and expanding market opportunities. Furthermore, the program fostered entrepreneurial awareness and enhanced the competitiveness of pandan weaving-based micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Therefore, this initiative represents an effective and sustainable empowerment strategy for supporting the post-flood economic recovery of local communities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anyaman Tikar Pandan
  topic: keywords
subject: Inovasi Desain Kontemporer
  topic: keywords
subject: Manajemen Usaha
  topic: keywords
subject: Pasca Banjir
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Aziz
creator: Jauharil Maknuni
creator: Erni Wiriani
creator: Selvi Mai Hetti
creator: Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Aziz, Jauharil Maknuni, Erni Wiriani, Selvi Mai Hetti, Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 46
doi: 10.58477/ba.v3i2.461

Aplikasi Game Edukasi Tebak Gambar Solusi Pembelajaran Interaktif untuk Anak Usia
type: item
description: This community service project aimed to develop an Android-based educational picture-guessing game as an interactive learning solution for early childhood, utilizing the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The application features a Linear Congruential Generator (LCG) for question randomization, visual content depicting animals, fruits, and everyday objects, a scoring system, and progressive difficulty levels designed to stimulate memory and cognitive skills in alignment with Piaget’s pre-operational stage theory. Validation by subject matter and media experts yielded high ratings, usability assessments met System Usability Scale (SUS) standards, and trials with young children demonstrated positive responses alongside improved object recognition from pre-test to post-test. The application offers a practical solution to the limitations of conventional learning methods and boosts learning motivation through visual and interactive elements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Early Childhood, Educational Games, Interactive Learning, Picture Guessing.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dewi Mustari
creator: Reko Syarif Hidayatullah
creator: Retna Ningsih
creator: Jumadi Jepri
creator: Tri Yani Akhirina
creator: Nani Muliyani Muliyani
creator: Laksana Priyo Abadi
creator: Ana Rusmardiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Mustari, Reko Syarif Hidayatullah, Retna Ningsih, Jumadi Jepri, Tri Yani Akhirina, Nani Muliyani Muliyani, Laksana Priyo Abadi, Ana Rusmardiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 24
ending page: 29
doi: 10.58477/ba.v4i1.452

Edukasi Penanganan Cidera OlahragaSprain Ankle Pada Atlit Wushu di Surabaya
type: item
description: Sports injuries, particularly ankle sprain, are among the most common injuries experienced by Wushu athletes and may affect athletic performance and participation in training and competition. This community service activity aimed to improve athletes’ knowledge regarding the identification, initial management, and prevention of ankle sprain injuries. The activity was conducted at Dojo Wushu Yasanis Surabaya involving 67 Wushu athletes aged 7–20 years. The implementation method consisted of problem identification, preparation of educational materials, pre-test, educational intervention, discussion session, and post-test. Knowledge evaluation was carried out using a Google Form containing 10 multiple-choice questions administered before and after the educational session. The educational material covered the definition of ankle sprain, injury mechanisms, signs and symptoms, initial management, and injury prevention strategies. The results showed a substantial increase in participants’ knowledge after the intervention. The average pre-test score was 35.07, while the average post-test score increased to 97.76. The findings indicate that educational intervention effectively improved participants’ understanding of ankle sprain management. Therefore, similar educational programs may be implemented routinely to support injury prevention and improve sports health literacy among athletes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ankle sprain
  topic: keywords
subject: injury preventation
  topic: keywords
subject: health education
  topic: keywords
subject: wushu athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: sports injury
  topic: keywords
subject: community service
  topic: keywords
creator: Yohanes Deo Fau
creator: Angria pradita
creator: sartoyo
creator: Ahmad Abdillah Iqbal
creator: Ester Popy Bove
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yohanes Deo Fau, Angria pradita, sartoyo, Ahmad Abdillah Iqbal, Ester Popy Bove https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 16
ending page: 23
doi: 10.58477/ba.v4i1.437

Desiminasi Model Pembelajaran Multukultural Bermuatan Peristiwa Sejarah Bagi MGMP Sejarah Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
type: item
description: This community service activity aims to improve the competence of MGMP history teachers in South Lampung Regency in implementing the Multicultural Learning Model with Historical Events. The implementation method includes workshops, group discussions, learning simulations, and evaluation with test instruments and assessment of teaching tool products. In the preparation stage, pre-service observations, literature reviews, partner needs analysis, and coordination with MGMP management were carried out. The training stage is focused on delivering conceptual material on multicultural education and historical empathy, the practice of preparing teaching modules based on historical events, and the application of participatory and reflective learning strategies. Furthermore, the evaluation stage is carried out to measure the improvement of teachers' knowledge, skills, and creativity in designing and implementing multicultural learning. The results of the evaluation showed a significant increase, with an average pre-test score of 69.2 and post test of 85.8, an increase of 16.4%. This achievement proves that the service program is effective in strengthening teachers' understanding of multicultural concepts, improving pedagogical skills, and encouraging the formation of more interactive, inclusive, and contextual history learning practices in accordance with the direction of the Independent Curriculum.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dissemination;
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Model;
  topic: keywords
subject: Multicultural Learning;
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical Events;
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumargono
creator: Risma Margaretha Sinaga
creator: Rinaldo Adi Pratama Pratama
creator: Bahtiar Afwan
creator: Navil Alfarisi Abbas
creator: Marzius Insani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sumargono, Risma Margaretha Sinaga, Rinaldo Adi Pratama Pratama, Bahtiar Afwan, Navil Alfarisi Abbas, Marzius Insani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 8
ending page: 17
doi: 10.58477/ba.v4i1.430

Pencegahan Stunting sebagai Investasi Ekonomi Desa melalui Edukasi dan Optimalisasi Dana Desa
type: item
description: Stunting is a chronic health problem that affects the quality of human resources and long-term economic development, particularly in rural areas. Stunting prevention requires a comprehensive approach that integrates health interventions with village economic instruments, especially the Village Fund. This community service program aims to enhance the awareness and commitment of communities and village authorities in preventing stunting through education and optimization of the Village Fund. A participatory and collaborative approach was applied through socialization activities, focus group discussions, and mentoring for village officials, village councils, health cadres, and target communities, particularly pregnant women, prospective brides, and families with children aged 0–24 months. The results indicate improved awareness among communities and village stakeholders regarding stunting as an investment in village economic development, strengthened commitment to allocating Village Fund resources for health-related programs, and the establishment of cross-sector collaboration involving village governments, health centers, and higher education institutions. The program generated initial impacts in increasing community understanding of nutrition, sanitation, and clean and healthy living behaviors as integral components of stunting prevention. Therefore, village-based economic education and Village Fund optimization represent a strategic approach to supporting sustainable stunting reduction efforts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: stunting, Village Fund, village economy, health education, community service
  topic: keywords
creator: Masitah Masitah
creator: Jauharil Maknuni
creator: Rona Elia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 40
doi: 10.58477/ba.v3i2.391

Gerakan Literasi Dasar Upaya Pengentasan Buta Aksara di Kalangan Santri Dayah
type: item
description: The Basic Literacy Movement was successfully conducted at Dayah Darut Thalibin, Gampong Pasir Putih, Peureulak Subdistrict, East Aceh Regency, from January 10 to 15, 2025. This program involved 10 beginner-level santri who initially had inadequate reading and writing skills. Based on the pre-test results, 60% of participants were classified as functionally illiterate, 30% could recognize letters but were not fluent in reading or writing, and 10% could read simple sentences but struggled with writing. The training employed a participatory and contextual approach rooted in religious teachings, utilizing interactive and hands-on methods such as reading daily prayers, short Qur’anic verses, and copying hadiths. The activities were conducted over six days in morning and afternoon sessions, supported by peer tutors and guidance from ustadz. Post-test results showed that 80% of the santri successfully achieved basic reading and writing skills, 10% showed limited progress, and 10% had no significant improvement. Overall, the program improved the santri’s literacy skills by 70%. Beyond technical skill development, the program fostered enthusiasm for learning and increased self-confidence among the santri, motivating the dayah to continue and expand the literacy program sustainably. This initiative demonstrates that literacy education is most effective when tailored to the participants’ context and needs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Basic literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: santri
  topic: keywords
subject: community empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Putriana
creator: Rizayanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 34
doi: 10.58477/ba.v3i1.299

Pelatihan Komputer untuk Santri Pemula sebagai Strategi Mengurangi Buta Aksara Digital di Dayah Darut Thalibin
type: item
description: The advancement of digital technology requires every individual to have basic computer literacy, including santri (students) in traditional pesantren environments. However, the reality on the ground shows that about 85% of beginner santri at Dayah Darut Thalibin still experience digital illiteracy due to limited access and minimal information technology training. This community service activity aims to reduce this gap through basic computer training. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The training was conducted over four weeks in eight sessions, covering hardware introduction, operating system operation, and the use of Microsoft Word and Excel. The results showed significant improvement: 92% of participants could recognize basic hardware functions, 86% were able to create simple documents using Word, and 70% mastered the basics of Excel. In addition to skill enhancement, 80% of participants demonstrated a positive attitude shift towards technology, including increased self-confidence and motivation for further learning.This program also encourages the dayah administration to incorporate digital literacy into their educational agenda. Thus, basic computer training has proven to be an effective and sustainable strategy in developing a generation of santri who are digitally literate and adaptive to the evolving times.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Basic Computer Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Santri Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Helmiah
creator: Teuku Muana Refi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 29
doi: 10.58477/ba.v3i1.298

Peningkatan Literasi Digital Santri Melalui Pelatihan Dasar Komputer di Dayah Darul Muta’alimin
type: item
description: This community service program was designed to enhance the digital literacy of students (santri) at Dayah Darul Muta’alimin, located in Dusun Lhok Paya, Gampong Bukit Pala, East Aceh Regency. The training took place from February 10 to 13, 2025, involving 30 participants aged 15 to 20 years. The objective was to provide santri with essential computer skills to support their learning process and prepare them for the demands of the digital age. The training materials covered basic computer hardware, Microsoft Office applications (Word), introductory internet usage, and digital ethics. The method employed was a hands-on, learning by doing approach, combined with pre-tests and post-tests to measure learning outcomes.The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ abilities, with an average increase of 42% in post-test scores. Participants demonstrated practical skills such as typing, formatting documents, creating data tables, and developing simple presentations. Moreover, the program succeeded in fostering awareness of responsible and ethical technology use. Overall, the activity had a positive impact on the participants’ digital competencies and confidence in using technology for educational and personal development. It is recommended that similar programs be continued and expanded, with the potential to integrate digital literacy as a core component of pesantren education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digital literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: computer training
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic boarding school students
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamali
creator: Zubaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 20
ending page: 24
doi: 10.58477/ba.v3i1.297

Pendampingan Pokdarwis dalam Pembuatan Paket Wisata Konservasi Pulau Tidung Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta
type: item
description: Indonesia as an archipelago has the highest marine biodiversity in the world. One area that holds tremendous potential is Tidung Island, South Thousand Islands. However, its marine ecosystem faces various threats due to low public environmental awareness and the lack of capacity of local groups in managing conservation-based tourism. This service activity aims to assist the Tidung Island Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) in designing conservation tourism packages based on community participation and environmental sustainability. This community service was carried out from April 8-30, 2025 offline at the Tidung Island Tourism Village. The implementation method includes Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation and interview, as well as socialization and training. The results showed that Pokdarwis has high enthusiasm in developing conservation tourism, but still faces challenges in terms of conservation knowledge, tour package preparation, and promotion. The mentoring activities provided improved understanding and technical skills for Pokdarwis in designing conservation-based tourism products, which are aligned with the principles of special interest tourism and regenerative tourism. The hope is that through collaboration between local communities and supporting parties, Tidung Island will be able to develop tourism that is not only economically attractive but also contributes to the preservation of marine ecosystems and the empowerment of local communities in a sustainable manner
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conservation Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourism Village
  topic: keywords
subject: POKDARWIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Marine Ecosystems
  topic: keywords
creator: Aisha Mutiara Hafidz
creator: Fahmi Salman Hakim
creator: Rinie Octaviany Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 19
doi: 10.58477/ba.v3i1.294

Pendampingan Masyarakat dalam Wisata Pelestarian Ekosistem Mangrove di Pulau Tidung Kepulauan Seribu Daerah Khusus Jakarta
type: item
description: The development of sustainable marine tourism on Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, aims to promote environmental conservation and community participation in mangrove ecosystem management. The community development program focuses on increasing community awareness and participation in environmental conservation efforts. Mangroves are an important ecological system, found in tropical and subtropical regions, which function as carbon sinks and carbon sequestration. This community service aims to optimize the role of the community in environmental preservation and conservation. This activity was carried out for 3 (three) weeks starting from April 8 - 30, 2025 offline at the Tidung Island Tourism Village. The methods used were consultation with the community through FGD (Forum Group Discussion), observation, and social analysis. The program significantly contributed to the community's understanding of mangroves as an important ecological and water resource. However, there are still challenges related to community health and competition with other activities, so the focus should be on increasing community participation and resources to support mangrove conservation on Pulau Tidung Kecil. The community development program demonstrates that good cooperation between the community, government and environmental organizations is essential for the successful management of mangrove ecosystems on Pulau Tidung Kecil.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Marine Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Preservation Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Village Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Tourism
  topic: keywords
creator: Dian Tantri Enjelita
creator: Siti Wulandari
creator: Yosi Erfinda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.58477/ba.v3i1.293

Penguatan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Melalui Pelatihan dan Pemasaran Kerajinan Tangan di Lingkungan Dayah
type: item
description: The entrepreneurial mindset development program through handicraft training and marketing in Islamic boarding schools (dayah) is a strategic effort to equip students (santri) with productive economic skills aligned with Islamic values. This initiative aims to foster entrepreneurial spirit, enhance creativity, and promote student independence by utilizing local potential. The method involved technical skills training, production assistance, and both conventional and digital marketing training. The results indicated a significant increase in the students’ entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, the formation of student business groups, and the initial market recognition of their handicraft products. This program demonstrates that dayah has
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Handicrafts
  topic: keywords
subject: Pesantren Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Ismail
creator: Abdul Aziz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 49
ending page: 53
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i2.238

Pelatihan Pembuatan Surat melalui Mail Merge di Dayah Misbahul Huda
type: item
description: The Mail Merge Letter Writing Training at Dayah Misbahul Huda aimed to enhance the administrative staff’s ability to manage correspondence efficiently and professionally using the Mail Merge feature in Microsoft Word. The training was conducted through a combination of lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, discussions, and evaluations. The results showed a significant improvement in participants' understanding and technical skills related to automated letter generation based on data sources. The training led to greater efficiency and accuracy in administrative tasks, reducing errors commonly found in manual processes. It also contributed to increased professionalism in correspondence management and opened opportunities for further development in digitalizing administrative processes. It is recommended that similar training be conducted regularly to support the digital transformation within Islamic boarding schools (pesantren).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mail Merge
  topic: keywords
subject: pesantren administration
  topic: keywords
subject: technology training
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamali
creator: Muhammad Jamil
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 44
ending page: 48
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i2.236

Pelatihan Handicraft Bagi Santri Dayah Misbahul Huda
type: item
description: The Handicraft Training for santri at Dayah Misbahul Huda in Gampong Beusa Meurano, Peureulak Subdistrict, East Aceh Regency aims to enhance the skills, creativity, and economic independence of the santri through the creation of handcrafted products. This program is designed to introduce practical skills that support entrepreneurship and provide additional income sources for the students. The training methods used include lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and evaluations. The results of this training show an improvement in basic handicraft skills, creativity in design, and an increased interest in entrepreneurship among participants. Additionally, the program opens up the potential for the establishment of craft-based businesses within the pesantren. This training contributes positively to the economic empowerment and independence of the santri, while enriching their experience in managing creative businesses.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Handicraft
  topic: keywords
subject: Santri Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizayanti
creator: Sonia Ulfa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 39
ending page: 43
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i2.235

Pengembangan Unit Usaha Pesantren Produksi Sabun Cair Dayah Darusa'adah
type: item
description: This community engagement program aims to develop a pesantren-based business unit through the production of liquid soap as an effort to enhance economic self-sufficiency at Dayah Darusa’adah, located in Gampong Lhok Panjoe, Darul Ihsan Subdistrict, East Aceh Regency. The implementation method included several stages: business feasibility analysis, production planning, skills training, facility development, and marketing strategy. The results indicate that the business unit successfully produced liquid soap independently, involved students (santri) in the production process, and began local product distribution. However, several challenges were encountered, including limited capital, production facilities, and product legality. Despite these obstacles, the program has had a positive impact on empowering students and the surrounding community, marking an important step toward building an economically self-reliant pesantren.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pesantren entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: liquid soap
  topic: keywords
subject: student empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Nasri
creator: Zubaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 29
ending page: 34
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i2.234

Penguatan Karakter dan Moderasi Beragama melalui Program Pembinaan Guru dan Santri Dayah Darussa’adah
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the efforts of character development and religious moderation through a coaching program for teachers and students at Dayah Darussa’adah, located in Gampong Lhok Panjoe, Darul Ihsan Subdistrict, East Aceh Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation review. The findings indicate that the program effectively instills core character values such as honesty, responsibility, discipline, as well as tolerance, non-violence, and patriotism as components of religious moderation. Teachers play an active role as facilitators and agents of change, while students show a positive response by internalizing these values in their daily lives. This study highlights the significant role of dayah (Islamic boarding schools) in shaping a generation with noble character and a moderate religious perspective, which is essential in the context of national and societal harmony.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: character
  topic: keywords
subject: religious moderation
  topic: keywords
subject: coaching
  topic: keywords
subject: dayah
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Ishaq
creator: Liza Arisna Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2024-05-31
publication date: 2024-05-31
starting page: 24
ending page: 28
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i1.233

Pelatihan Microsoft Word Bagi Santri di Dayah Darul Huda Alue Udep
type: item
description: This Microsoft Word training was conducted at Dayah Darul Huda Alue Udep with the goal of enhancing the digital skills of the santri in using word processing software essential for academic and administrative tasks. The training employed a combination of theoretical and practical approaches, equipping participants with both basic and advanced skills in using Microsoft Word, such as document creation, formatting, table creation, and the preparation of reports and official letters. The results of the training showed significant improvement in the santri’s ability to use Microsoft Word, as evidenced by their increased efficiency in completing academic and administrative tasks. Additionally, the training fostered independent learning habits through the use of digital learning media, allowing participants to continue their learning beyond the training sessions. This training is expected to have a positive impact on increasing the productivity of the santri and preparing them to face the challenges of the increasingly digital world.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microsoft Word
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Santri
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamali
creator: Erniwiriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2023-11-30
publication date: 2023-11-30
starting page: 44
ending page: 49

Peningkatan Literasi Digital dan Etika Bermedia Sosial Bagi Santri Dayah Darul Muta'alimin
type: item
description: The rapid development of information technology has transformed the way people live, including how they communicate and interact socially. Social media has become one of the main platforms for individuals, including students at Islamic boarding schools (santri), to communicate and access information. However, not all social media users possess adequate digital literacy, making them vulnerable to the spread of misinformation (hoaxes) and negative behaviors. Therefore, improving digital literacy and understanding social media ethics is crucial, especially for santri in pesantren. The program "Enhancing Digital Literacy and Social Media Ethics for Santri at Dayah Darul Muta’alimin" aims to equip santri with the knowledge and skills needed to use digital technology wisely and responsibly. Through interactive lectures, group discussions, case studies, and practical content creation, this program successfully improved the santri’s understanding of the importance of digital literacy and ethics in social media. The evaluation showed significant improvements in the santri’s attitudes toward social media ethics, as well as their ability to create beneficial content in alignment with Islamic values. The outcomes of this program contribute positively to the development of santri who are digitally literate and responsible in using social media as a platform for da’wah and social interaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Literasi
  topic: keywords
subject: Sosial Media Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Santri
  topic: keywords
creator: Jauharil Maknuni
creator: Ishaq
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2024-05-31
publication date: 2024-05-31
starting page: 18
ending page: 23
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i1.227

Edukasi Literasi Digital dan Etika Bermedia Sosial Bagi Santri Dayah Darul Huda
type: item
description: Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang pesat telah membawa dampak besar terhadap pola interaksi sosial, termasuk di kalangan santri. Santri sebagai generasi muda yang tengah menempuh pendidikan agama perlu dibekali pemahaman yang baik mengenai literasi digital dan etika dalam bermedia sosial. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan santri Dayah Darul Huda dalam menggunakan media digital secara cerdas, bijak, dan beretika sesuai nilai-nilai Islam. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penyuluhan, diskusi interaktif, dan pelatihan langsung mengenai praktik literasi digital, seperti verifikasi informasi, privasi digital, serta etika komunikasi daring. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan santri terhadap risiko penyalahgunaan media sosial, kemampuan memilah informasi yang valid, serta kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga akhlak dalam aktivitas digital. Kegiatan ini juga mendorong munculnya inisiatif santri dalam menggunakan media sosial sebagai sarana dakwah dan edukasi positif. Program ini diharapkan menjadi model edukatif yang berkelanjutan di lingkungan pesantren guna membentuk generasi digital yang kritis, kreatif, dan berakhlakul karimah.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: social media ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Santri
  topic: keywords
subject: Pesantren
  topic: keywords
subject: Character Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Ismail
creator: Jauharil Maknuni
creator: Esti Alemia Puspita
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-11-30
publication date: 2023-11-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 55

Pelatihan Microsoft Word Bagi Santri di Dayah Darul Huda Alue Udep
type: item
description: This Microsoft Word training was conducted at Dayah Darul Huda Alue Udep with the goal of enhancing the digital skills of the santri in using word processing software essential for academic and administrative tasks. The training employed a combination of theoretical and practical approaches, equipping participants with both basic and advanced skills in using Microsoft Word, such as document creation, formatting, table creation, and the preparation of reports and official letters. The results of the training showed significant improvement in the santri’s ability to use Microsoft Word, as evidenced by their increased efficiency in completing academic and administrative tasks. Additionally, the training fostered independent learning habits through the use of digital learning media, allowing participants to continue their learning beyond the training sessions. This training is expected to have a positive impact on increasing the productivity of the santri and preparing them to face the challenges of the increasingly digital world.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microsoft Word
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Santri
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamali
creator: Erniwiriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
date: 2025-04-29
publication date: 2025-04-29

Pemberdayaan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Sains untuk Penguatan Prestasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Islam
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the empowerment of science extracurricular programs as a strategy to improve student achievement in Islamic elementary schools. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects included upper-grade students, science club mentors, and school administrators. Findings reveal that well-structured science extracurricular activities significantly increase students’ interest and motivation in learning science. Activities such as simple experiments, group discussions, and science competitions help students develop critical thinking skills, curiosity, and teamwork. These programs not only improve academic outcomes, particularly in science subjects, but also foster essential character values like discipline, responsibility, and self-confidence. The study concludes that empowering science-based extracurricular activities can be an effective approach to enhancing the academic and personal growth of students. Schools are encouraged to provide sustainable support and innovation in extracurricular planning to ensure long-term educational benefits
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Science Extracurricular
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Achievement
  topic: keywords
subject: Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Adek Agustin
creator: Anggun Indah Lestari
creator: Evi Harianti
creator: Syaiful Marwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2024-05-30
publication date: 2024-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i1.224

Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Disiplin Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka di SD Islam Raudhatul Jannah
type: item
description: This research focuses on how disciplined character can be instilled in scouts who are raised in scout extracurricular activities at Raudhatul Jannah Payakumbuh Islamic Elementary School. The purpose of this research is to describe the trainer's efforts in forming a disciplined character in students through scout activities at Raudhatul Jannah Payakumbuh Islamic Elementary School. This research was conducted at Raudhatul Janah Payakumbuh Islamic Elementary School involving 20 students who took part in scout raising and coaching activities. This type of research is qualitative research using three data collection techniques, namely interviews, observation and documentation. From the results of observations made, it shows that scout extracurriculars can form a disciplined character in students. The formation of this disciplined character can be formed due to the efforts made by the trainer by applying punishment methods and giving appreciation to students for PPB material and pioneering activities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Character Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Discipline
  topic: keywords
subject: Scout Extracurriculars
  topic: keywords
creator: Kurnia Aprilianti
creator: Lailatul Fitri
creator: Putri Salsabilla
creator: Syaiful Marwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-11-30
publication date: 2023-11-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 33
doi: 10.58477/ba.v1i2.218

Pendampingan Komprehensif Pembentukan Ekosistem Pertanian Organik Berkelanjutan oleh Petani Muda
type: item
description: This community service program aims to establish a sustainable organic farming ecosystem through intensive mentoring for young farmers in Kulam Baro Village, Simpang Lhee District. The program was carried out in stages using a participatory approach, including technical training in organic farming, waste processing into organic fertilizer, field practice mentoring, formation of young farmer groups, and strengthening digital marketing of agricultural products. The results of the program show improved knowledge and skills among young farmers in independently implementing organic farming practices. This initiative also encouraged the formation of active young farmer groups with a focus on environmentally friendly agriculture and sustainable market orientation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organic Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Young Farmers
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Ecosystem
  topic: keywords
subject: Village Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Akbarul Kausar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-11-30
publication date: 2023-11-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 38
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i2.217

Program Pendampingan Intensif Pengelolaan Keuangan Mikro untuk Komunitas Rentan Ekonomi
type: item
description: This intensive financial coaching program aims to improve financial literacy and promote behavioral changes in financial management among economically vulnerable communities. Employing a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, data were collected through pre- and post-program surveys and in-depth interviews. The findings indicate a significant increase in financial knowledge, budgeting practices, saving habits, and financial record-keeping. Participants also reported an increased sense of financial control and security. However, challenges such as unstable income and limited access to formal financial services remain. These results highlight the effectiveness of sustained coaching in enhancing financial resilience in vulnerable communities and suggest the need for integration with broader economic empowerment strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inancial Mentoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Vulnerable Communities
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Sri Safiatuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-05-30
publication date: 2023-05-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 17
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i1.215

Pelatihan Holistik Peningkatan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru PAUD dalam Mengembangkan Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek
type: item
description: This community service program aims to enhance the pedagogical competence of early childhood education (ECE) teachers through a holistic training focused on developing Project-Based Learning (PjBL). Project-Based Learning is recognized for encouraging active, creative, and critical thinking skills in young children. The training was designed comprehensively, covering theoretical understanding, project planning, and real-life implementation practices. Methods used included interactive lectures, case studies, group discussions, and field-based practicum. The activity was carried out at PAUD Bungong Jumpa, involving 10 ECE teachers. Evaluation results indicated a significant improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills related to PjBL implementation, as well as increased confidence in designing innovative and enjoyable learning experiences for young learners. This program demonstrates that holistic, practice-based training can be an effective strategy to improve the quality of education at the early childhood level.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pedagogical Competence
  topic: keywords
subject: Project-Based Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Holistic Training
  topic: keywords
creator: Nauwal Aufa
creator: Zaratuzar Zaratuzar
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-11-30
publication date: 2023-11-30
starting page: 34
ending page: 38
doi: 10.58477/ba.v1i2.214

Inovasi Pengolahan Sampah Organik Dengan Metode Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Untuk Kemandirian Pangan Lokal
type: item
description: Organic waste remains an unresolved environmental issue in many regions. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of organic waste processing innovation using the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) method and its contribution to local food self-sufficiency. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that BSF larvae are highly effective in decomposing organic waste, reducing up to 70–80% of waste in a short period. The harvested larvae are used as an alternative animal feed, significantly lowering production costs and improving the productivity of small-scale livestock farming. This innovation also fosters community empowerment and creates new economic opportunities. In conclusion, the BSF method is an environmentally friendly waste management solution that supports sustainable, locally based food resilience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organic Waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Black Soldier Fly
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Self-Sufficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Alternative Animal Feed.
  topic: keywords
creator: Fiesca Maini Asri
creator: Cut Eva Wani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2024-05-30
publication date: 2024-05-30
starting page: 8
ending page: 12
doi: 10.58477/ba.v2i1.213

Transformasi Ekonomi Ibu Rumah Tangga melalui Inkubasi Bisnis Online Berbasis Komunitas
type: item
description: The role of housewives in family economics is often overlooked, despite their significant potential to improve household welfare, especially in the digital era. This article aims to present the results of a community service program in the form of a community-based online business incubation designed to empower housewives. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method involving 15 participants. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and documentation. The results show a significant increase in digital knowledge and skills, the establishment of new online businesses, increased family income, the formation of supportive communities, and the growth of self-confidence and economic independence among participants. These findings confirm that a community-based approach, structured training, and intensive mentoring can serve as catalysts for the economic transformation of housewives. However, challenges such as limited capital, time management, and internet access remain critical issues that need to be addressed in the future development of similar programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Housewives
  topic: keywords
subject: Online Business
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Transformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Annisaturrahmi Annisaturrahmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 BA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-11-30
publication date: 2023-11-30
starting page: 39
ending page: 43
doi: 10.58477/ba.v1i2.207

Pelatihan Menyusun Laporan Cash flow Usaha Kecil bagi Warga Belajar Cerdas Mandiri Peureulak
type: item
description: The cash flow report is an important tool in managing business finances, because it provides information about cash inflows and outflows within a certain period. In this training, participants will learn the basic concepts of cash flow, including the meaning and importance of cash flow reports in making business decisions. They will study the various components of a cash flow statement, including cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities. In addition, participants will also learn how to use software or applications that can assist in preparing cash flow reports efficiently. This training will provide an understanding of how to use the tool and how to implement small business financial data into the software. This training is designed to allow participants to put what they learn into practice right away. They will be given training tasks to prepare cash flow reports based on real data from their own small businesses. This will help participants apply the knowledge and skills they have acquired in the training. After attending this training, Peureulak Mandiri Smart Learning residents will have a better understanding of cash flow reports and be able to prepare accurate cash flow reports for their small businesses. This will help them manage their business finances more effectively and make better decisions for their business growth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Cash Flow Reports
  topic: keywords
subject: Small Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamali
creator: Erni Wiriani
creator: Muhammad Jamil
creator: Cut Evawani
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-05-31
publication date: 2023-05-31
starting page: 20
ending page: 24
doi: 10.58477/ba.v1i1.87

Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Bagi Masyarakat Gampong untuk Mengembangkan Usaha Mikro di Kecamatan Peureulak
type: item
description: Entrepreneurship training for village communities in Peureulak District aims to help improve the skills and knowledge of residents in developing their micro-enterprises. Entrepreneurship training methods for village communities in Peureulak District can be carried out using several methods, including: 1), Lectures, 2) Group discussions, 3) Case studies, 4) Exercises, 5) Field visits. This training will discuss various important topics in starting and managing a micro business, such as how to make business planning, financial management, marketing and operations effective and efficient. The trainees will learn how to make a good business plan, including how to do market analysis and determine the right marketing strategy. They will also learn about financial management, including how to manage cash flow and create simple financial reports. In addition, the training will also discuss business operations, such as inventory management, production and customer service. Participants will learn strategies to maximize efficiency and improve the quality of the products and services they offer. After attending the training the participants can apply the knowledge they have learned to develop their micro business and increase their income. Thus this training can help improve the economic welfare of entrepreneurship training participants for village residents in the Peureulak District through the development of quality micro-enterprises
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: ; Micro Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Jauharil Maknuni
creator: Erni Wiriani
creator: Zulkarnaini
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-05-31
publication date: 2023-05-31
starting page: 15
ending page: 19
doi: 10.58477/ba.v1i1.86

Pelatihan Penyusunan Surat Melalui Mail Merge Bagi Perangkat Gampong Kecamatan Peureulak
type: item
description: This training aims to provide knowledge and skills to gampong officials in Peureulak District in using the mail merge technique to compose letters efficiently and effectively. Participants will learn the steps in creating a template document that includes design patterns, formats, and variable settings that will be used to combine data. Next, participants will learn how to integrate data from external sources such as Excel into Word documents using the mail merge feature. They will learn how to set data filtering criteria, edit and modify documents, and add dynamic elements such as tables, images, and graphs. Training will also cover common troubleshooting techniques related to mail merge, such as resolving data merge errors, fixing incorrect formatting, and optimizing processes to increase productivity. Participants will be involved in hands-on practical sessions where they will be given the opportunity to try out the techniques, they have learned for themselves. This will help them hone their skills and gain confidence in using mail merge in their daily work. This training can provide significant benefits for gampong officials in Peureulak District, enabling them to improve efficiency and accuracy in compiling letters. By using mail merge, the process of writing letters can be automated, saving time and reducing the risk of human error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Letter Preparation
  topic: keywords
subject: Mail Merge
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamali
creator: Muhammad Rizki
creator: Zuboili
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-05-31
publication date: 2023-05-31
starting page: 9
ending page: 14
doi: 10.58477/ba.v1i1.85

Pelatihan Keterampilan Teknologi Digital Bagi Warga Belajar di PKBM Banda Khalifah
type: item
description: Digital technology skills training for learning residents at PKBM Banda Khalifah Peureulak is a program to provide knowledge and skills about using digital technology to people who are not familiar with technology. In the early stages, in general, the participants' ability to operate digital technology still had some obstacles, such as not knowing how to open and close the program properly. In addition, the ability to use computer/laptop devices for office purposes and marketing a product online is still not mastered. This training method consists of several stages, namely: 1) Explanation of Basic Concepts At this stage, participants are explained the basic concepts of digital technology, such as hardware and software, operating systems, applications, and the internet. 2) Practical Use of Hardware After understanding the basic concepts, participants will be taught how to operate hardware devices, such as computers, laptops, smartphones, and printers. 3) Practical Use of Software After mastering the use of hardware, participants will be taught how to operate software, such as Microsoft Office applications, internet browsers, and social media. This program can help participants improve their skills and productivity in various aspects of life, such as work, education, product marketing and communication. In addition, this program is also to increase digital inclusivity and strengthen people's access to digital technology. In its implementation, this program involves instructors who are competent and skilled in the field of digital technology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Skills Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: CLC
  topic: keywords
creator: Saifullah
creator: Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2023-05-31
publication date: 2023-05-31
starting page: 5
ending page: 8
doi: 10.58477/ba.v1i1.84