Security Analysis on Face Biometric Authentication Under Different AI-Manipulated Face

Fathimah Hasanti; Nurul Ilmi; Desi Nurnaningsih

doi:10.58477/cj.v4i2.503

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Fathimah Hasanti, Nurul Ilmi, Desi Nurnaningsih

Fathimah Hasanti: Telkom University

Nurul Ilmi: Telkom University

Desi Nurnaningsih: Telkom University

DOI: 10.58477/cj.v4i2.503 Published: 2026-08-30

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Abstract

The rapid evolution of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) has enabled realistic facial manipulation using AI-generated images, creating serious security threats to face biometric authentication systems. Previous studies have mainly focused on deepfake detection and face recognition improvement, while limited attention has been given to the effects of AI-based facial manipulation on biometric authentication security. This study examines the vulnerability of face biometric authentication to various Gen AI-powered facial manipulation attacks. FaceForensics++ was used to create verification pairs consisting of genuine, impostor, and manipulated faces. ArcFace generated face embeddings, while cosine similarity measured identity similarity between faces. Equal Error Rate (EER) was used to determine the authentication threshold. The threshold was then applied to evaluate DeepFakes, FaceSwap, Face2Face, NeuralTextures, and FaceShifter using False Acceptance Rate (FAR), False Rejection Rate (FRR), EER, and cosine similarity scores. The results indicate different authentication behaviors among manipulation algorithms. Face2Face and NeuralTextures produced higher FAR and similarity scores, indicating greater ability to retain identity information.

Keywords

AI-Manipulated Authentication Face Biometric Facial Manipulation Security

How to Cite

Hasanti, F., Ilmi, N., & Nurnaningsih, D. (2026). Security Analysis on Face Biometric Authentication Under Different AI-Manipulated Face. Computer Journal, 4(2), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.58477/cj.v4i2.503

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Issue Information

Volume	4
Issue	2
Year	2026
Published	2026-08-30
Pages	304-311
Section	Articles

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Fathimah Hasanti

Telkom University

Scholar ORCID

Department of Information Technology, Jakarta Campus Directorate, Universitas Telkom, West Jakarta City, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia.

Nurul Ilmi

Telkom University

Scholar

Department of Information Technology, Jakarta Campus Directorate, Universitas Telkom, West Jakarta City, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia.

Desi Nurnaningsih

Telkom University

Scholar

Department of Information Technology, Jakarta Campus Directorate, Universitas Telkom, West Jakarta City, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia.

Article Title	Security Analysis on Face Biometric Authentication Under Different AI-Manipulated Face
DOI	10.58477/cj.v4i2.503
Publication Date	2026-08-30

Journal	Computer Journal
Volume	4
Issue	2
Pages	304-311
Section	Articles

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